Reconfigurable sensing platform for software defined instrumentation

ABSTRACT

A reconfigurable sensor front-end includes a logic block having a storage circuit to store hardware description information and a reconfigurable block including a plurality of circuits. The plurality of circuits are to be set in a first configuration based on the hardware description information and are to be set in a second configuration when the hardware description information changes. The first hardware description information corresponds to a first sensor and the changed hardware description information corresponding to a second sensor.

This application is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser.No. 13/040,028, filed Mar. 3, 2011 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,627,057), whichclaims priority from Indian Patent Application No. 3069/DEL/2010, filedDec. 22, 2010, the subject matter of which are hereby incorporated byreference.

FIELD

One or more embodiments described herein relate to sensing technology,reconfigurable hardware and software-control of electronic devices.

BACKGROUND

Many electronic devices (instruments) are equipped with interfacesadapted for coupling to sensors and peripheral devices. Sensors andperipheral devices are made by different manufacturers, are designedbased on different specifications, and/or have different functionalrequirements. Consequently, the host electronic devices often must beequipped with custom hardware front-end circuits in order to interfaceto specific sensors and peripherals.

The use of dedicated, custom front-end hardware limits flexibility andincreases cost, complexity, power consumption, size and makes the devicesingle-functioned. This requires users to purchase multiple dedicateddevices for multiple applications. A single device or platform which candynamically reconfigures itself to synthesize front-ends to interface tomultiple sensors and peripherals is currently not available.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing one embodiment of a logic block in anelectronic device.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing another embodiment of a logic block in anelectronic device.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing operates included in one embodiment of amethod for reconfiguring a logic block for performing one or morefunctions in an electronic device.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a reconfigurable logicblock in an electronic device.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of a logic block 1 that is included withinan electronic device 100. The electronic device may be any one of anumber of stationary, mobile, or transportable devices including but notlimited to a mobile phone including but not limited to mobile smartphones, a personal digital assistant, a multimedia player or other typeof information terminal, a laptop, notebook, handheld or other type ofcomputer, or a mobile interne device to name a few.

The logic block includes a reconfigurable block 2 and a storage circuit3. The reconfigurable block includes one or more hardware circuits thatcan be configured in terms of their inputs, outputs, and functionalityto perform a set of predetermined logic functions and/or actions. Theblock 2 may be configured based on hardware description information,which may include values and data held in the storage circuit and/orcode stored in another memory circuit of the electronic device. Thestorage circuit 3 may include, for example, a plurality of registers forstoring the values and data. Changing the hardware descriptioninformation produces a corresponding change in the logical connectionsand functionality of block 2, and therefore in at least this way block 2is considered to be reconfigurable.

In accordance with one implementation, the reconfigurable block mayinclude any one of a number of programmable logic devices. One type ofreconfigurable block is a Field Programmable Analog Array (FPAA) device.This type of device is an integrated device containing configurableanalog blocks with interconnects between these blocks formed, forexample, from current mode or voltage mode devices.

The current mode or voltage mode devices may include one or moreoperational amplifiers in combination with a programmable configurationof passive components which cooperate to perform summing, integrating,and/or other functions. The components may include programmable gainamplifiers, resistors, capacitors, logic gates, analog-to-digitalconverters, digital-to-analog converters, filters, analog multiplexersand analog switches, digitally configurable differentialtransconductance amplifiers, as well as other components. The capacitorsmay include switched capacitors and the resistors may be programmableresistors. The analog switches may be low-impedance CMOS and/or othertypes of switches. The FPAA may operate in continuous time mode ordiscrete time mode.

The reconfigurable block may also, or alternatively, include one or moreprogrammable circuits made from floating gate complementary metal oxidesemiconductor (CMOS) technology. The reconfigurable block may also, oralternatively, include a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a complexprogrammable logic device (CPLD), and/or any one of a number of otherreconfigurable, reprogrammable circuits that can perform both analog anddigital functions.

In accordance with another implementation, the reconfigurable block maybe implemented as a state machine, which, for example, may be used toperform various digital logic functions. The state machine may operatebased on one or more state transition tables stored, for example, in thestorage circuit 3 or another memory device.

Irrespective of the type(s) of device(s) used, the reconfigurable block2 may be configured based on a set of specification values and datastored in storage circuit 3. The logic functions to be performed by thereconfigurable block are defined based on code corresponding to ahardware description language (HDL), which is implemented based on thestored specification values and data. The code corresponding to the HDLmay be stored within the reconfigurable block, or may be stored outsideof this block, for example, in a storage circuit 4 within or coupled toa processor 5 of the host electronic device 100.

The HDL code may be received by the electronic device in a variety ofways. For example, the code may be received by an external source or maybe pre-programmed into the electronic device 100, or both. The code maycause, for example, various gates, switches, inputs and outputs to beconnected, configured, and or activated in order to perform one or morepredetermined functions. In this way, the HDL may be considered tosynthesize, or model, the operation of one or more hardware circuitsthat otherwise would have to be custom-made in the device. The use ofHDL programming, therefore, allows the functionality of the analog andlogic blocks (and thus the electronic device) to be changed simply bychanging the HDL and/or the specification values or data stored in thestorage circuit 3.

In the example shown in FIG. 1, the electronic device is a mobile smartphone equipped with an interface 6 to be coupled to a sensor 7. Thecoupling may be achieved in a variety of ways. For example, the sensormay include a plug which fits into a receptacle of the interface. Thecoupling may also be achieved using various multi-pin connectors or aUniversal Serial Bus (USB) connector. Another coupling is performedwirelessly, for example, using any one of a number of localcommunication standards including Bluetooth, WiFi, or the like.

The sensor 7 may be any one of a variety of sensors including but notlimited to a bio-chemical sensor, a biometric sensor, a medicaldiagnostic sensor, a health sensor, a breathalyzer sensor, an air, food,or water quality testing sensor, or a sensor designed to perform anindustrial or scientific application. Still other sensors include oneswhich are based on nanotechnology, a microelectromechanical system(MEMS), or micro-fluidics. These sensors may have analog or digital(e.g. SPI, UART, I²C, USB) outputs and may also have analog or digitalinputs for control functions.

Based on the HDL code the reconfigurable block dynamically synthesizesthe analog, digital or mixed-signal front-end circuits required tointerface the sensor to the electronic device 100. For some sensors, thereconfigurable block also synthesizes the analog or digital circuitswhich may connect to the sensor to form a feedback loop. This feedbackloop may be required for control functions such as sensor linearization,sensitivity adjustment, offset compensation etc.

The signals received from the sensor are processed by the reconfigurableblock and then sent to the processor, which performs one or morecorresponding device functions 8. For example, the processor may executean application stored in a memory 9 of the device. The application maybe a downloadable application or one pre-stored in the device.

In accordance with one implementation, when the sensor may include astorage circuit 10 which stores the HDL, specification values and/ordata for use in configuring the reconfigurable block 2. This informationmay be automatically transferred through interface 6 when, for example,the sensor is plugged into (or otherwise coupled with) the interface.The information is then stored in storage circuit 3 and/or HDL storagedevice 4, and reconfigurable block 2 may be automatically configured.

Alternatively, when the coupling between the sensor and interface isdetected by processor 5, a message may be displayed on the device askinga user, for example, whether the sensor is to be activated. When afavorable response is received, the information may then be transferredfor storage into the storage circuit 3 and/or HDL storage device 4. Asin the previous example, the stored information is then used toautomatically configure block 2. As shown in FIG. 1, a programmablepower block 11 may also be included to show that the sensors may beexcited or otherwise powered by direct current (DC), alternating current(AC), pulsed, or custom voltages or circuit patterns.

FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of a logic block 21 included within anelectronic device 200. This embodiment may be similar to the embodimentof FIG. 1 in that it includes a reconfigurable block 22 and storagecircuit 23. Also, the block is adapted to be coupled to a sensor 27, thesignals processed by the reconfigurable block are output to a processor25 which may include or be coupled to an HDL storage circuit 24, and theprocessor outputs signals for performing a device function 28.

Unlike FIG. 1, sensor 27 is included in the electronic device andcoupled to the logic block through an interface 32. The HDL code,specification values and/or data for configuring the reconfigurableblock 22 may be downloaded, for example, through a wireless interface orthrough a cable or other hardware connection. The wireless connectionmay, for example, be a Bluetooth or WiFi connection, and the cable orother hardware connection may be a USB connection, Ethernet connector,or another type of connection. Also, a programmable power block 31similar to block 11 in FIG. 1 may be included.

In one implementation, this information may be downloaded with anapplication associated with the sensor, thereby effectivelyreprogramming the functionality of reconfigurable block 22 as to performfunction 28. For illustrative purposes, a wireless interface 26 is shownfor receiving the HDL code, specification values and/or configurationdata, and an application memory 29 is included for storing anapplication which may be used in association with the function to beperformed.

FIG. 3 shows operations included in one embodiment of a method forreconfiguring a logic block for performing one or more functions in anelectronic device. The electronic device and logic block may correspondto any of the embodiments described herein. (While the term “logicblock” is used in the embodiments disclosed herein, this block mayunderstood to be formed of analog circuits or a combination of digitalor analog circuits and therefore the word logic as used herein shouldnot be limited to a digital implementation only).

An initial operation includes receiving information for configuring thelogic block. (Block 310). The information may be automatically receivedin response to detection of a sensor being plugged into or otherwisecoupled with the electronic device. (Block 302). Alternatively, theinformation may be received after a predetermined action is taken.(Block 304).

The predetermined action may include accessing a website or mobile phonelink or establishing a connection to another source, after which theinformation may be downloaded. As previously indicated, the informationmay include HDL code, specification values and/or data to be stored inthe electronic device for configuring the reconfigurable block of thelogic device. Previously stored HDL code, values or data (used, forexample, to configure the block for another type of sensor) may beoverwritten with the information received in Block 310, to therebyreconfigure the logic block to correspond to the sensor.

Once the information is received, the information is stored in theelectronic device. (Block 320). As shown, for example, in FIGS. 1 and 2,specification values and/or data for reconfiguring the logic block maybe stored in a storage circuit and HDL code may be stored in a separatestorage area, for example, located within or coupled to a processor ofthe device.

The stored information is used to reconfigure the logic block. (Block330). This may involve, for example, setting various gates, switches,operational amplifiers, analog components, inputs and outputs to beconnected, configured, and or activated in order to perform one or morepredetermined functions based on the stored HDL code, specificationvalues, or data. Performing these settings causes the reconfigurableblock to synthesize, or model, the operation of one or more hardwarecircuits that otherwise would have to be custom-made in the device.

Once the block has been reconfigured, the sensor is activated for use bysupplying appropriate excitation voltage, current or other excitationpatterns and signals received from the sensor are processed by thereconfigured block. (Block 340). For example, if the sensor is a glucosemonitor, signals indicative of a user's glucose levels are processed bythe logic block, which may involve, for example, converting the analogsensor signals into digital signals. Of course, other functions may beperformed by the logic block as necessary.

Once the signals have been processed, the processor of the device mayperform one or more predetermined additional functions. (Block 350). Forexample, the processor may compare the digital signals generated by thelogic block and compare them to reference values in order to determinewhether the glucose levels of the user are out of range. Information maythen be displayed to the user indicating these levels.

Additional operations of the method include unplugging the sensor andattaching a new sensor along with associated HDL code, specificationvalues, and/or data. (Block 360). This additional information is thenused to reconfigure the logic block. Through this method, the same logiccircuit may be reconfigured to correspond to different hardwarecircuits, in order to meet the requirements of each type of sensorcoupled to the mobile device.

FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of a reconfigurable logic block 400 inan electronic device. This logic block includes a plurality of features,all of which may be incorporated within a single package(system-on-package) or on a same chip (system-on-chip, or SoC).

The reconfigurable logic block includes a reconfigurable analog block410, one or more synthesizable peripherals 420, a synthesizablereconfigurable digital block 430, a synthesizable control block 440, aprocessor 450, and one or more synthesized output peripherals 460. Thesynthesized features of the reconfigurable block may be implementedusing reconfigurable analog such as FPAA and/or reconfigurable digitallogic such as FPGA and may be dynamically modeled based on the HDL code,specification values and data stored in the electronic device aspreviously discussed.

The reconfigurable analog block may include various analog hardwarecomponents forming a front end of block 400, to be coupled for receivingsignals from a sensor 500. The hardware components may include, forexample, one or more of operational amplifiers, programmable gainamplifiers, resistors, capacitors, filters, analog multiplexers, andanalog switches. Also, the capacitors may be formed as switchedcapacitors, the resistors as programmable resistors, the analog switchesas low-impedance CMOS switches, and the amplifiers may be digitallyconfigurable differential or transconductance amplifiers. Thereconfigurable analog block 410 may be formed using floating gate CMOS,scaled CMOS and/or standard CMOS or other analog technologies.

The synthesizable peripherals 420 may be dynamically modeled to performa variety of functions. These functions may include, for example,functions of an analog-to-digital converter with a programmableresolution, a timer, a sampler, and a pulse width modular to name a fewexamples. The peripherals process signals from the reconfigurable analogblock 410, and the result is output to the synthesizable digital block.

The synthesizable digital block 430 is a reconfigurable block which maydynamically model, for example, a digital signal processor ormicrocontroller core to run a real-time operating system. One example ofsuch an operating system may be VxWorks.

The operating system may perform a variety of functions includingsampling-digitization and preliminary data conditioning. The operatingsystem may also communicate with processor 450, which, for example, mayperform complex inference algorithms. FPGA architecture in this blockmay have, for example, a sea-of-gates and/or complex logic block (CLB)design. The state machine may be configured based on the storedspecification values and data. Changing these values and data willtherefore change the state machine and its attendant functionality.

The synthesizable control block 440 may be dynamically modeled toperform a variety of feedback and control functions. Examples includedigital-to-analog conversion, general purpose input/output (GPIO) pinprogramming, linearization, offset compensation, calibration, andsensitivity adjustment functions. Signals generated by control block 440may be fed back to control the sensor 500. The feedback signalsgenerated by the control block may be either analog and/or digital. Thedigital feedback signals may be sent to the sensor through any one of avariety of communication interfaces including, for example, serialperipheral interface (SPI) or inter-integrated circuit (I²C) interface.The sensor 500 may coupled to a programmable power source which, may beincluded, for example, within block 400. The programmable power sourcemay operate in a manner similar to blocks 11 and 31 described relativeto FIGS. 1 and 2.

The processor 450 may corresponds to the main processor of theelectronic device. For example, if the electronic device is a notebookcomputer, the processor may be Intel's Atom processor which runs anoperating system such as Windows, Linux, or Moblin, and in this regardmay act as the main system computer. As indicated, processor 450 mayperform more computationally challenging operations which the digitalcontrol block does not perform. These may include operations such asintelligent algorithms, adaptive digital signal processing, featureextraction, pattern matching, data fusion and machine learning.

The reconfigurable logic block may also dynamically model hardwareinterfaces to a variety of system peripherals based on the stored HDLcode, specification values and/or data. For example, the reconfigurableblock may synthesize hardware circuit for driving a display 600 of orcoupled to the electronic device, for driving a customized keypad 610 ofor coupled to the electronic device, for driving a communicationinterface 620 (e.g., universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART)or USB) of the device, or for driving a printer 630 or bar code readerof or coupled to the electronic device. The display may be a liquidcrystal display of various resolutions and sizes or an alphanumeric LEDdisplay.

Another embodiment provides a computer-readable medium having codesections for performing operations of the method described herein, aswell as for synthesizing the various components of the reconfigurablelogic block in accordance with the embodiments described herein. Thecode sections may correspond to different HDL code sections or maycorrespond to other code sections stored in the electronic device.

One example of the computer-readable medium may be one that stores setof instructions for controlling an electronic device. The set ofinstructions may include a first code section to store hardwaredescription information of sensor front-end circuit from a first sensor,a second code section to set a reconfigurable block in a firstconfiguration based on the stored hardware description information, athird code section to control the reconfigurable block to processsignals from the first sensor, and a fourth code section to perform afunction of the electronic device based on the processed signals outputfrom the reconfigurable block. The first code section may store thehardware description information from the first sensor automaticallyafter the first sensor is detected to be removably coupled to theelectronic device.

In addition, the set of instructions may include a fifth code section tostore hardware description information from a second sensor, a sixthcode section to overwrite the hardware description information receivedfrom the first sensor with the hardware description received from thesecond sensor, and a seventh code section to configure thereconfigurable block based on the hardware description information fromthe second sensor.

In accordance with one embodiment, the reconfigurable logic blocksynthesizes a hardware front-end for different types of sensors that maybe coupled to or included within the electronic device. The synthesis isperformed using the HDL or other type of hardware specification orsynthesis code. The code may, for example, be provided by the sensormanufacturer. For example, the sensor vendor may supply a hardwaredriver bit-stream that would synthesize the front end of the device whenthe sensor is plugged in. Adding new features to the sensorfunctionality would merely require changing only the hardwarespecification code and any associated algorithms to be performed by theprocessor.

The reconfigurable logic block may have plug-and-play functionality fora variety of sensors, i.e., each time a new sensor is plugged into theelectronic device (e.g., mobile smart phone or internet device), thelogic block is reconfigured to support functionality of the differentsensor. Thus, only one logic block may be used and reconfigured tosupport multiple sensors.

The manufacturer hardware specification code may be stored in the sensorand transferred to the electronic device when the sensor is plugged in,or may be obtained from a downloaded application which, when activated,causes the logic block to be reconfigured for the sensor. Whenelectronic device includes multiple sensors, the HDL code for eachsensor may be automatically loaded from an internal storage device toreconfigure the logic block, for example, whenever an application isinitiated corresponding to that sensor. If multiple similar or distinctsensors are plugged into the electronic device or are integrated intothe electronic device, the reconfigurable block may synthesize multiplesimilar or distinct front-end circuits simultaneously depending on theHDL code.

In the aforementioned embodiments, the logic block and/or electronicdevice may be modified to be coupled to a plurality of plug-in typesensors simultaneously, for example, by including a plurality ofcorresponding jacks, ports, or plugs. The logic block may then controldifferent peripheral devices based on respective ones of those sensorssimultaneously or sequentially.

In addition, in the aforementioned embodiments, the reconfigurablesensor front-end can either be integrated into a System on Chip orSystem on Package or can be designed using discrete components.Moreover, the aforementioned embodiments may be included within a mobiledevice or may be on a wired/wireless node external to a mobile device.

Any reference in this specification to an “embodiment” means that aparticular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connectionwith the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Theappearances of such phrases are not necessarily all referring to thesame embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, orcharacteristic is described in connection with any embodiment, it issubmitted that it is within the purview of one skilled in the art toeffect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection withother ones of the embodiments.

Furthermore, for ease of understanding, certain functional blocks mayhave been delineated as separate blocks; however, these separatelydelineated blocks should not necessarily be construed as being in theorder in which they are discussed or otherwise presented herein. Forexample, some blocks may be able to be performed in an alternativeordering, simultaneously, etc.

Although the embodiments have been described with reference to a numberof illustrative embodiments, it should be understood that numerous othermodifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the artthat will fall within the spirit and scope of the principles of theembodiments herein. More particularly, reasonable variations andmodifications are possible in the component parts and/or arrangements ofthe subject combination arrangement within the scope of the foregoingdisclosure, the drawings and the appended claims without departing fromthe spirit of the embodiments herein. In addition to variations andmodifications in the component parts and/or arrangements, alternativeuses will also be apparent to those skilled in the art.

I claim:
 1. An electronic device comprising: a reconfigurable device tocouple to any one of a plurality of sensors, the reconfigurable deviceto operate in a first configuration in response to a first type ofsensor to couple to the reconfigurable device, and the reconfigurabledevice to operate in a second configuration in response to a second typeof sensor to couple to the reconfigurable device, the reconfigurabledevice to operate in the first configuration based on first hardwaredescription information, and the first hardware description informationis to be automatically downloaded from the first type of sensor when thefirst type of sensor is to couple to the reconfigurable device.
 2. Theelectronic device of claim 1, wherein the reconfigurable device includesa field-programmable gate array.
 3. The electronic device of claim 1,wherein the reconfigurable device includes a plurality of reprogrammablecircuits.
 4. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein thereconfigurable device includes a field programmable analog array device.5. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the reconfigurable deviceto operate in the second configuration based on second hardwaredescription information.
 6. The electronic device of claim 5, whereinthe second hardware description information to be received from anexternal source.
 7. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the firsthardware description information includes code written in apredetermined hardware description language.
 8. The electronic device ofclaim 5, wherein the second hardware description information is to beautomatically downloaded from the second type of sensor when the secondtype of sensor is to couple to the reconfigurable device.
 9. Theelectronic device of claim 1, wherein an interface to wirelessly couplea sensor to the reconfigurable device.
 10. An electronic device,comprising: a first sensor; a sensor interface to couple to the firstsensor; and a reconfigurable device to operate in a first configurationin response to the first sensor to correspond to a first type of sensor,and the reconfigurable device to operate in a second configuration inresponse to a sensor to correspond to a second type of sensor, thereconfigurable device to operate in the first configuration based onfirst hardware description information, and the first hardwaredescription information is to be automatically downloaded from the firstsensor when the first sensor is to couple to the reconfigurable device.11. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein the reconfigurable deviceto operate in the second configuration based on second hardwaredescription information.
 12. The electronic device of claim 11, whereinthe second hardware description information to be received from anexternal source.
 13. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein thesecond hardware description information is to be automaticallydownloaded from the second type of sensor when a second sensor is tocouple to the sensor interface.
 14. The electronic device of claim 10,wherein: the first hardware description information is to beautomatically downloaded from the first sensor when the first sensor iscoupled to the sensor interface, and second hardware descriptioninformation is to be automatically downloaded from a second sensor whenthe second sensor is coupled to the sensor interface, the secondhardware description information overwriting the first hardwaredescription information to set the reconfigurable device into the secondconfiguration.
 15. The electronic device of claim 10, furthercomprising: an application memory to store an application to be usedwith signals output from the reconfigurable device in order to perform apredetermined function; and a wireless interface to receive theapplication for storage into the application memory.
 16. The electronicdevice of claim 10, wherein the reconfigurable device is to processsignals from the first sensor to control a first peripheral device andto process signals from a second sensor to control a second peripheraldevice.
 17. A system comprising: at least one sensor; a reconfigurabledevice to couple to any one of a plurality of sensors, thereconfigurable device to operate in a first configuration in response toa first type of sensor to couple to the reconfigurable device, and thereconfigurable device to operate in a second configuration in responseto a second type of sensor to couple to the reconfigurable device, thereconfigurable device to operate in the first configuration based onfirst hardware description information, and the first hardwaredescription information is to be automatically downloaded from the firsttype of sensor when the first type of sensor is to couple to thereconfigurable device; and a processor to receive information from thereconfigurable device to perform a function based on the receivedinformation.
 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the reconfigurabledevice to operate in the second configuration based on second hardwaredescription information.
 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the secondhardware description information to be received from an external source.20. The system of claim 18, wherein: the first hardware descriptioninformation is to be automatically downloaded from a first sensor whenthe first sensor is coupled to an interface, and the second hardwaredescription information is to be automatically downloaded from a secondsensor when the second sensor is coupled to an interface, the secondhardware description information overwriting the first hardwaredescription information to set the reconfigurable device into the secondconfiguration.